Microscopes

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Microscopes

The microscope is an instrument that allows you to observe objects that are very small in a great way and cannot be seen with the naked eye. Thanks to microscopes, great advances have been made in chemistry, biology and medicine in general. The human being can be limited to see things of small size that can only be observed by the help of instruments such as the microscope . The main functionality of this instrument is that it allows you to see small objects in an enlarged way.

History of microscopes

In 1590 Zacarias Janssen, a Dutchman, creates what is considered the first microscope formed by several lenses in a tube . In 1609, the Italian Galileo Galilei invented a microscope composed of a concave and a convex lens which he called occhiolino, which means "eye" in Italian. Later, in 1625, a German colleague of his, Giovanni Faber, created the term microscope with the two micro words, which means small and scopic: observe in Greek . Then, in 1665, the Englishman Robert Hooke publishes micrography. He is the first scientist to see him in history. Later, in 1877 a great leap occurs when the German Ernts Abbe publishes his theory of the microscope. From that moment until 1930, various improvements reach the theoretical limit of optical microscopes that cannot go beyond a thousand increases. But in 1924 the Frenchman Louis de Broglie changed the rules of the game stating that electrons have the characteristics of a wave and two years later the German Emli Busch proposes that it is possible to focus a beam of electrons in the same way that an optics focuses the light with the lenses; and with this base in 1933 Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska in Germany develop the first transmission electron microscope using electrons instead of light to focus the sample. Finally, in 1965 the first scanning electron microscope was released and 20 years later, in 1985, the first digital scanning electron microscope was born and in 2012 the University of Victoria in Canada installed the world's first most powerful electron microscope . This can increase the image size of a sample up to 20 million times. The idea of seeing the tiniest ones traveled the entire planet over the centuries and reached what seemed impossible, because every good idea can only be developed with a lot of time, many people committed to science and the transmission of that idea. microscopes

Types of microscopes

There are several types of microscopes that make it possible for science to gain new advances and knowledge about the world around us. Next, we will name some of them:

Simple microscopes

The simple microscope or also known as a magnifying glass , consists of only a convex or convex plane lens that provides a moderate amplitude of the object. The main discoveries made in biology by microscopic observation until the first third of the nineteenth century, were made with simple microscopes, since their quality of magnifications were superior to the compound microscopes of the time. Both the simple microscope and the magnifying glass, which can be considered a simple microscope of few magnifications , consist of a converging lens so that when the object to be observed is located at a distance from the lens less than its focal length, the instrument provides a right and larger virtual image.

Optical microscope

The optical microscope, also known as light or compound, uses lenses to focus and amplify the rays of light that pass through or bounce on a specimen. The definition capacity of these microscopes is approximately one micron. This microscope is made up of three parts: the mechanical part, the optical part and the lighting system . The mechanical part : It is formed by the elements that are those that hold the lens, the stage and together with the micrometer and micrometer screws. Are those screws that will allow the definitive approach to see the sample. The optical part : There are two, the lens that is the one that is in each of the objectives that a microscope has and on the other is the lens that is in the eyepiece. The lighting system : It is that source of light that focuses on the preparation by means of the condenser, which is also accompanied by the diaphragm, with which brighter and less bright fields of vision can be made. Microscopes

Stereoscopic or dissecting microscopes

The stereoscope microscope is a double compound microscope , where the images retain the reliefs that can be observed simultaneously with both eyes. The main feature of this is that microdirections can be performed on the stage, at the same time as the sample is observed.

Electron microscopes

Electron microscopes are those that use electron beams instead of light . These electrons focus on magnetic fields. When an electron beam strikes the vacuum according to the object, the incident particles can be absorbed, transmitted and modified in different ways. These microscopes are classified into transmission and scanning microscopes.
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